Keywords
Information Literacy
Social Inclusion
Public Health
How to Cite
Abstract
Health education takes place in a context marked by social inequalities, requiring professionals to integrate technical-scientific knowledge with an understanding of the social determinants of health. This study aimed to analyze the impact of practical and investigative experiences in primary health care units, mediated by a research-based learning methodology, on the development of critical awareness and information literacy among medical students. This descriptive study adopted a qualitative approach and was conducted at a university center in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, with the participation of students from the second semester of the program. Data recollection happened during the first semester of 2025 through participant observation and a mixed method questionnaire and inspected with a content analysis approach. Results showed that the methodology supported the identification of social markers of difference, particularly social class, educational level, and race, fostering a shift from abstract understandings to contextualized and critical analyses. Challenges were found in searching for and selecting sources, organizing scientific writing, and connecting theory to practice. Despite these difficulties, students showed increased awareness of structural racism and strengthened ethical and empathetic attitudes. The findings suggest that research-based learning contributed to the development of investigative, informational, and critical competencies, strengthening medical education for socially committed practice within Brazil’s public Unified Health System.
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 10 April 2026
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