Palavras-chave
Servicio de información
Servicio de referencia
Recuperación de información
Como Citar
Resumo
Como consecuencia de la proliferación de las computadoras en la década de los cincuenta del siglo XX, en Estados Unidos comenzaron a desarrollarse tecnologías electrónicas, magnéticas y digitales que eventualmente fueron adaptadas a las bibliotecas para optimizar los procesos de consulta, circulación y recuperación de la información. A raíz de este panorama, el objetivo de esta investigación radica en precisar el periodo histórico cuando los sistemas y servicios de referencia convergieron en el ámbito bibliotecario en Estados Unidos. La metodología recurre a la investigación documental bajo un enfoque cualitativo para destacar algunos casos puntuales de la adopción de sistemas informáticos para la optimización de los servicios bibliotecarios. Como supuesto de investigación, se considera que los servicios de información avanzaron tecnológicamente con base en los fundamentos teóricos del quehacer bibliotecario. Los hallazgos revelan que la costa este de Estados Unidos se caracterizó por fungir como el epicentro de iniciativas políticas que impulsaron la creación de bibliotecas que centralizaron los recursos y servicios de referencia que eventualmente fueron acoplándose con los sistemas informáticos emergentes. Uno de los primeros sistemas informáticos se implementó en 1966 en la Biblioteca McKeldin de la Universidad de Maryland, con la computadora IBM System 357.
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