The Silence of Archival Claims: An Initial Approach in Latin America
Invest. Biblio. 107
PDF (Español (España))

Keywords

Archival Studies
Latin America
Displaced Archives
Archives Claims

How to Cite

Betancur Roldán, M. C., L. S. Ascensão de, & Lowry, J. (2026). The Silence of Archival Claims: An Initial Approach in Latin America. Investigación Bibliotecológica. Archivonomía, bibliotecología E información, 40(107), 187–217. https://doi.org/10.22201/iibi.24488321xe.2026.107.59149
Métricas de PLUMX

Abstract

This paper offers an initial exploration of the phenomenon of displaced archives in Latin America. It begins with a survey on archive claims conducted in 2024 by María Cristina Betancur for the Expert Group on Shared Archival Heritage and published by the International Council on Archives in 2025. First, it presents some international background on displaced archives and a theoretical approach to the topic. It continues with the methodology, which is grounded in qualitative research, documentary research, and survey techniques. It presents the survey results: 303 visits to the form, 22 completed forms, five potential claims, and two valid or sufficiently documented cases for analysis. Based on these results, it offers an interpretation of the widespread silence surrounding displaced archives in Latin America. It concludes, among other points, that there is a need to develop a situated and contextualized research program that critically examines the displacement of archives and promotes the development of interpretive frameworks linked to Latin American archival histories and traditions.

Received: 9 de February de 2026
Accepted: 29 de June de 2026

https://doi.org/10.22201/iibi.24488321xe.2026.107.59149
PDF (Español (España))

References

Adams, Randolph. 1939. “The Character and Extent of Fugitive Archival Material”. The American Archivist 2 (2): 85-96. https://doi.org/10.17723/aarc.2.2.60156g49p2h31hw9

Adams, Randolph. 1940. “Fugitive Archives: A National Problem”. Quarterly Review: A Journal of University Perspectives 46 (10): 217-26. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069770868&seq=229

Asociación Latinoamericana de Archivos. 2024. “#QueNoSeTePase El ICA International Council on Archives y la ALA te invitan a participar en el Webinar ALA: Archivos desplazados y patrimonio compartido en América Latina”. Facebook, 6 de marzo de 2024. https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=796870912479469&id=100064697011971&rdid=GkAfEY1A6WUwOjEg#

Asociación Latinoamericana de Archivos. s. f. “Plan estratégico de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Archivos 2024-2028”. Consultado el 17 de noviembre de 2025. https://alaarchivos.org/nosotros/gobernanza-y-operaciones/plan-estrategico/

Auer, Leopold. 1998. Disputed Archival Claims: Analysis of an International Survey; A RAMP Study. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000113472

Banrepcultural (Red Cultural del Banco de la República en Colombia). 2018. “Originales e inéditos de Gabriel García Márquez en el nuevo archivo del Banco de la República”. 11 de octubre de 2018. https://www.banrepcultural.org/noticias/originales-e-ineditos-de-gabriel-garciamarquez-en-el-nuevo-archivo-de-banco-de-la

Bastian, Jeannette. 2001. “A Question of Custody: The Colonial Archives of the United States Virgin Islands”. The American Archivist 64 (1): 96-114. https://www.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.64.1.h6k872252u2gr377

Bautier, Robert-Henri. 1963. “Les Archives et le Droit International”. En Les Archives dans la Vie Internationale: Actes de la Sixième Conférence Internationale de la Table Ronde des Archives [Warsaw, 1961], 11-56. Direction des Archives de France.

Betancur Roldán, María Cristina. 2022. “Archival Traditions in Latin America”. Archival Science 22: 483-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-022-09393-4

Betancur Roldán, María Cristina. 2024. Encuesta internacional sobre archivos desplazados en América Latina, (Informe presentado al Grupo de Expertos sobre Patrimonio Compartido del ICA - EGSAH). Consejo Internacional de Archivos. https://www.ica.org/app/uploads/2025/12/ES_Informe-Encuesta-Archivos-Desplazados_Actualizado-2025.pdf

Blanco Rivera, Joel. 2024. “Custody, Provenance and Meaning in the Context of State Intelligence Records: The Case of las Carpetas in Puerto Rico”. Archival Science 24: 657-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-024-09454-w

Blanco Rivera, Joel, Irmarie Fraticelli Rodríguez y Marisol Ramos. 2020. “Documentando lo espontáneo: las protestas #RickyRenuncia”. ArchiData: Boletín de la Red de Archivos de Puerto Rico 18 (1): 13-17. https://archiredpr.files.wordpress.com/2020/11/archidata2020.pdf

BNDigital (Biblioteca Nacional Digital Brasil). s. f. “Projeto Resgate Barão do Rio Branco”, Dossiês. Consultado el 12 de noviembre de 2025. https://bndigital.bn.gov.br/dossies/projetoresgate/sobre-o-projeto-resgate-barao-do-rio-branco/

Camargo, Ana Maria de Almeida, y Heloísa Liberali Bellotto, eds. 1996. Dicionário de terminologia arquivística. Associação dos Arquivistas Brasileiros, Núcleo Regional de São Paulo; Secretaria de Estado da Cultura.

Carnevale, Graciela. 2019. “El archivo como una ecología de saberes”. En Archivos del Común III / ¿Archivos inapropiables?, editado por Fernanda Carvajal, Moira Cristiá y Javiera Manzi, 145-55. Pasafronteras Editorial, Red de Conceptualismos del Sur. https://redcsur.net/2022/10/31/descargar-archivos-del-comun-iii-archivos-inapropiables/

Caswell, Michelle, Ricardo Punzalan y T-Kay Sangwand. 2017. “Critical Archival Studies: An Introduction”. Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies 1 (2): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24242/jclis.v1i2.50

Catela, Ludmila da Silva. 2002. “El mundo de los archivos”. En Justicia Transicional / Manual para América Latina, editado por Félix Reátegui, 381-403. Centro Internacional para la Justicia Transicional. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r29766.pdf

Conselho Nacional de Arquivos. 2020. “A Coluso”. Coluso, Conexões. Última modificación el 3 de junio de 2026. https://www.gov.br/conarq/pt-br/conexoes/coluso/a-coluso

Corrêa, Fernando Gabriel. 2020. “Contribuições do princípio da territorialidade para a resolução de contenciosos arquivísticos”. Tesis de doctorado, Universidade de Brasília. https://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/38812

Costa, Mariana Tavares de Melo. 2019. “Dispersão em arquivos pessoais: um estudo exploratório”. Tesis de maestría, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. https://www.unirio.br/ppgarq/tccs/turma-2017/costa-mariana-tavares-de-melo-dispersao-em-arquivos-pessoais-um-estudo-exploratorio/view

Cruanyes, Josep. 2003. Els papers de Salamanca / L’espoliació del patrimoni documental de Catalunya (1938-1939). Edicions 62.

Fishman, Josep. 2010. “Locating the International Interest in Intranational Cultural Property Disputes”. Yale Journal of International Law 35 (2): 347-404. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1480437

Fórum de Entidades em Defesa do Patrimônio Cultural Brasileiro. 2025. “Contra a neocolonização e a evasão dos acervos brasileiros de arquitetura”. Fórum de Entidades em Defesa do Patrimônio Cultural Brasileiro (blog). 8 de enero de 2025. https://forumpatrimoniobr.wordpress.com/2025/01/08/contra-a-neocolonizacao-e-a-evasao-dos-acervos-brasileiros-de-arquitetura/

Fundação Biblioteca Nacional. s. f. “Projeto Resgate Barão do Rio Branco”. Central de Conteúdos. Consultado el 6 de diciembre de 2025. https://www.gov.br/bn/pt-br/central-de-conteudos/projeto-resgate

Gilliland, Anne J., y Michelle Caswell. 2016. “Records and Their Imaginaries: Imagining the Impossible, Making Possible the Imagined”. Archival Science 16: 53-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-015-9259-z

Giraldo Lopera, Marta Lucia. 2022. Archivos vivos / Documentar los derechos humanos y la memoria colectiva en Colombia. Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.

Giraudy, Agustina, Eduardo Moncada y Richard Snyder. 2019. “Subnational Research in Comparative Politics: Substantive, Theoretical, and Methodological Contributions”. En Inside Countries: Subnational Research in Comparative Politics, editado por Agustina Giraudy, Eduardo Moncada y Richard Snyder, 2-54. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108678384.001

Grupo de Trabajo de Derechos Humanos del Consejo Internacional de Archivos. 2016. Principios básicos sobre el papel de archiveros y gestores de documentos en la defensa de los derechos humanos, (Documento de trabajo del Consejo Internacional de Archivos). Consejo Internacional de Archivos.https://www.ica.org/app/uploads/2024/01/ICA-HRWG_PrincipiosBasicos_Espanol_Documento-de-trabajo_Septiembre2016_Espanol.pdf

Guberek, Tamy, y Margaret Hedstrom. 2017. “On or Off the Record? Detecting Patterns of Silence about Death in Guatemala’s National Police Archive”. Archival Science 17: 27-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-017-9274-3

Harry Ransom Center. s. f. “Gabriel García Márquez: un inventario de sus documentos en el Harry Ransom Center”. Consultado el 12 de marzo de 2024. https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=01084

ICA (International Council on Archives). 1976. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on Archives, Moscow, 21-25 August 1972. Verlag Dokumentation.

ICA (International Council on Archives). 1984. Dictionary of Archival Terminology: English and French with Equivalents in Dutch, German, Italian, Russian, and Spanish, 2.ª ed., editado por Peter Walne. K. G. Saur.

ICA (International Council on Archives). 2004. “DAT III: Draft. English, German, French and Russian Lists”. Última modificación 28 de noviembre de 2004. https://internet.archivschule.uni-marburg.de/datiii/index.html

Jansen, Harrie. 2010. “The Logic of Qualitative Survey Research and its Position in the Field of Social Research Methods”. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research 11 (2), 11. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-11.2.1450

Jaramillo, Orlanda, y María Cristina Betancur Roldán. 2021. “Propuesta de definición de la archivística desde un análisis bibliográfico y contextual”. Revista General de Información y Documentación 31 (1): 203-19. https://doi.org/10.5209/rgid.76975

Karabinos, Michael. 2018. “In the Shadows of the Continuum: Testing the Records Continuum Model Through the Foreign and Commonwealth Office ‘Migrated Archives’”. Archival Science 18 (3): 207-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-018-9292-9

Leisinger, Albert H. 1982. “Disputed Archival Claims: A Persistent and Urgent Problem”. Ponencia presentada en ECARBICA 7, Seventh Biennial Conference and Seminar of the East and Central Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives, Harare, Zimbabue, septiembre de 1982.

López-Roldán, Pedro, y Sandra Fachelli. 2015. Metodología de la investigación social cuantitativa. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Lowry, James. 2019. “‘Displaced Archives’: Proposing a Research Agenda”. Archival Science 19 (4): 349-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-019-09326-8

Lowry, James. 2020. Disputed Archival Claims: An International Survey 2018/2019, (Report to the International Council on Archives. Expert Group on Shared Archival Heritage). International Council on Archives. https://www.ica.org/resource/disputed-archival-claims-an-international-survey-2018-2019/

Macedo, L. S. Ascensão de. 2019. “Arquivos deslocados: mapeamento de literatura”. Brazilian Journal of Information Science: Research Trends 13 (4): 5-34. https://doi.org/10.36311/1981-1640.2019.v13n4.02.p5

Macedo, L. S. Ascensão de. 2023. Arquivos deslocados / Arquipélago da Madeira. Colibri.

Macedo, L. S. Ascensão de. 2026. “The Fungible Archive: Digital Repatriation and the Illusion of Archival Restitution”. En Digital Ideologies in the Age of Algorithmic Culture, editado por Esra Gökçen Kaygisiz, 441-68. IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-4531-4.ch014

Macedo, L. S. Ascensão de, Carlos Guardado da Silva y Maria Cristina Vieira de Freitas. 2022. “Below the Nation State: Power Asymmetry and Jurisdictional Boundaries around the Archives of Madeira Archipelago”. En Disputed Archival Heritage, editado por James Lowry, 137-70. Routledge.

Maciel, Nahima, y Samara Schwingel. 2021. “Transferência de acervo de Lucio Costa do RJ para Portugal gera controvérsias”. Correio Braziliense, 21 de octubre de 2021. https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/cidades-df/2021/10/4956846-uma-memoria-distante.html

Montenegro, María. 2024. “Documenting Territorialidad: An Intercultural Approach to the Provenance of Mapuche Land Records”. Archival Science 24: 923-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-024-09466-6

Moss, Michael, y David Thomas, eds. 2021. Archival Silences: Missing, Lost and, Uncreated Archives. Routledge

Osorio Sánchez, César. 2022. “Archivos y derechos humanos en Macondo: tratamiento de los archivos del conflicto armado interno en las políticas transicionales en Colombia (2005-2017)”. Tesis doctoral, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/687621#page=1

Patkus, Ronald D. 2005. “Musical Migrations: A Case Study of the Teresa Carreño Papers”. RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 6 (1): 26-33. https://doi.org/10.5860/rbm.6.1.239

Rodrigues, Ana Célia. 2002. “Classificação funcional de documentos públicos - análise da experiência no Arquivo Público do Município de Ouro Preto (MG)”. Registro: Revista do Arquivo Público Municipal de Indaiatuba 1 (1): 43-54.

SAA (Society of American Archivists). s. f. Dictionary of Archives Terminology (en línea). Society of American Archivists. https://www2.archivists.org/glossary

Silverman, Helaine. 2011. “Contested Cultural Heritage: A Selective Historiography”. En Contested Cultural Heritage. Religion, Nationalism, Erasure, and Exclusion in a Global World, editado por Helaine Silverman, 1-49. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7305-4_1

TJ-SP (Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo). 2021. Fernando Rosenthal VS. Apple Computer do Brasil LTDA, acórdão 2021.0000362447. 13 de mayo de 2021. https://www.conjur.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/condenacao-apple.pdf

Tovar Pinzón, Hermes. 2009. Los fantasmas de la memoria / Poder e inhibición en la historia de América Latina. Universidad de Los Andes.

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. 2017. Silenciando el pasado / El poder y la producción de la Historia. Traducido por Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco. Editorial Comares.

Universidad Francisco Marroquín. s. f. “Archivo General de Centroamérica”. Archivos. Consultado el 25 de noviembre de 2024. https://ahgua.ufm.edu/agca/

Watkins, Joe. 2009. “Cultural Nationalists, Internationalists, and ‘Intra-Nationalists’: Who’s Right and Whose Right?”. International Journal of Cultural Property 12 (1): 78-94. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0940739105999992

Winn, Samantha R. 2015. “Ethics of Access in Displaced Archives”. Provenance, Journal of the Society of Georgia Archivists 33 (1): 6-13. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/provenance/vol33/iss1/5

Authors:

  • They must sent the publication authorization letter to Investigación Bibliotecológica: archivonomía, bibliotecología e información.
  • They can share the submission with the scientific community in the following ways:
    • As teaching support material
    • As the basis for lectures in academic conferences
    • Self-archiving in academic repositories.
    • Dissemination in academic networks.
    • Posting to author’s blogs and personal websites

These allowances shall remain in effect as long as the conditions of use of the contents of the journal are duly observed pursuant to the Creative Commons:Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 license that it holds. DOI links for download the full text of published papers are provided for the last three uses.

Self-archiving policy

For self-archiving, authors must comply with the following

a) Acknowledge the copyright held by the journal Investigación Bibliotecológica: archivonomía, bibliotecología e información.

b) Establish a link to the original version of the paper on the journal page, using, for example, the DOI.

c) Disseminate the final version published in the journal.

Licensing of contents

The journal Investigación Bibliotecológica: archivonomía, bibliotecología e información allows access and use of its contents pursuant to the Creative Commons license: Attribution- Non-commercial-NoDerivatives 4.0.

Licencia de Creative Commons


Investigación Bibliotecológica: archivonomía, bibliotecología e información by Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional License.
Creado a partir de la obra en http://rev-ib.unam.mx/ib.

 

This means that contents can only be read and shared as long as the authorship of the work is acknowledged and cited. The work shall not be exploited for commercial ends nor shall it been modified.

Limitation of liability

The journal is not liable for academic fraud or plagiarism committed by authors, nor for the intellectual criteria they employ. Similarly, the journal shall not be liable for the services offered through third party hyperlinks contained in papers submitted by authors.

In support of this position, the journal provides the Author’s Duties notice at the following link: Responsibilities of authors.

The director or editor of the journal shall notify authors in the event it migrates the contents of the journal’s official website to a distinct IP or domain.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.