Abstract
El desarrollo de Competencias Informacionales ocupa un lugar destacado en instituciones de educación superior en razón a la relevancia de estas competencias para la sociedad de la información. De allí que numerosas publicaciones se hayan realizado sobre esos instrumentos a través de los cuales las universidades responden a los desafíos que esto supone. En este artículo se presenta una revisión documental correspondiente a los últimos siete años de publicaciones en las cuales se reportaron acciones dirigidas al desarrollo de competencias informacionales en jóvenes universitarios. Se emplearon cuatro bases de datos, más un repositorio de publicaciones de Alfabetización Informacional en Iberoamérica. Los artículos se clasificaron teniendo en cuenta tres categorías: enfoques, modelos y estrategias. Los enfoques revelan el predominio de perspectivas cognitivistas y una incipiente incorporación de la perspectiva sociocultural. Los modelos identificados dan cuenta de logros valiosos así como de dificultades de orden institucional, económico y administrativo que limitan su implementación. Las estrategias se presentan desvinculadas de propuestas en las cuales se integren agentes educativos, situación que afecta su impacto. La principal falencia de los estudios revisados son los instrumentos de evaluación para dar cuenta de los resultados obtenidos. Para terminar se formulan preguntas y retos para las ciencias de la información.
Abstract
Due to its significance in the information society, information literacy must be stressed in institutions of higher education. There is a wealth of research on the instruments employed by such institutions to keep up to date with new challenges regarding information literacy. This study provides a review of the last seven years of literature reporting on information literacy teaching strategies for university students contained in four databases and a single web-portal. Journal articles were classified into three main thematic categories: approaches, models and strategies. The review reveals that the category of approaches is largely dominated by cognitive perspectives at the expense of sociocultural methods. The models identified reflect considerable achievements, but also institutional, economic and administrative burdens that hinder implementation. Strategies appear to be disassociated from proposals entailing educational agents, a situation that undermines their impact. The central weakness of the studies reviewed lies in the assessment instruments used to yield results. The paper concludes posing questions and challenges for field of information science.
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